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- Network Working Group D. Piscitello
- Request for Comments: 1209 J. Lawrence
- Bell Communications Research
- March 1991
-
-
- The Transmission of IP Datagrams over the SMDS Service
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo defines a protocol for the transmission of IP and ARP
- packets over a Switched Multi-megabit Data Service Network configured
- as a logical IP subnetwork. This RFC specifies an IAB standards
- track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion
- and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current
- edition of the "IAB Official Protocol Standards" for the
- standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- This memo describes an initial use of IP and ARP in an SMDS service
- environment configured as a logical IP subnetwork, LIS (described
- below). The encapsulation method used is described, as well as
- various service-specific issues. This memo does not preclude
- subsequent treatment of the SMDS Service in configurations other than
- LIS; specifically, public or inter-company, inter-enterprise
- configurations may be treated differently and will be described in
- future documents. This document considers only directly connected IP
- end-stations or routers; issues raised by MAC level bridging are
- beyond the scope of this paper.
-
- Acknowledgment
-
- This memo draws heavily in both concept and text from [4], written by
- Jon Postel and Joyce K. Reynolds of ISI and [5], written by David
- Katz of Merit, Inc. The authors would also like to acknowledge the
- contributions of the IP Over SMDS Service working group of the
- Internet Engineering Task Force.
-
- Conventions
-
- The following language conventions are used in the items of
- specification in this document:
-
- o MUST, SHALL, or MANDATORY -- the item is an absolute
- requirement of the specification.
-
-
-
-
- IP over SMDS Working Group [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1209 IP and ARP over the SMDS Service March 1991
-
-
- o SHOULD or RECOMMENDED -- the item should generally be followed
- for all but exceptional circumstances.
-
- o MAY or OPTIONAL -- the item is truly optional and may be
- followed or ignored according to the needs of the implementor.
-
- Introduction
-
- The goal of this specification is to allow compatible and
- interoperable implementations for transmitting IP datagrams and ARP
- requests and replies.
-
- The characteristics of the SMDS Service and the SMDS Interface
- Protocol (SIP) are presented in [3], [6], and in [7]. Briefly, the
- SMDS Service is a connectionless, public, packet-switched data
- service. The operation and features of the SMDS Service are similar
- to those found in high-speed data networks such as LANs:
-
- o The SMDS Service provides a datagram packet transfer, where each
- data unit is handled and switched separately without the prior
- establishment of a network connection.
-
- o The SMDS Service exhibits high throughput and low delay, and
- provides the transparent transport and delivery of up to 9188
- octets of user information in a single transmission.
-
- o No explicit flow control mechanisms are provided; instead, the
- rate of information transfer on the access paths is controlled
- both in the subscriber-to-network direction and in the network-
- to-subscriber direction through the use of an access class
- enforcement mechanism.
-
- o Both individually and group-addressed (multicast) packets can
- be transferred.
-
- o In addition to these LAN-like features, a set of addressing-
- related service features (source address validation, source and
- destination address screening) are provided to enable a
- subscriber or set of subscribers to create a logical private
- network, or closed user group, over the SMDS Service. The
- access control provided by the closed user group mechanism is
- supplied by the SMDS provider according to the specifications
- stated in [3].
-
- o SMDS addresses are 60 bits plus a 4 bit Address Type. The
- Address Type subfield occupies the 4 most significant bits of
- the destination and source address fields of the SIP Level 3
- Protocol Data Unit (PDU). It contains the value 1100 to
-
-
-
- IP over SMDS Working Group [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1209 IP and ARP over the SMDS Service March 1991
-
-
- indicate an individual address and the value 1110 for a 60-bit
- group address.
-
- The SMDS Interface Protocol is based on the IEEE Standard 802.6,
- Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) Connectionless MAC protocol [8].
- The SMDS service layer corresponds to the IEEE 802 MAC sublayer. The
- remainder of the Data Link Service is provided by the IEEE 802.2
- Logical Link Control (LLC) service [9]. The resulting stack of
- services is illustrated in Figure 1:
-
- +--------------------+
- | IP/ARP |
- +--------------------+
- |IEEE 802.2 LLC/SNAP |
- +--------------------+
- | SIP LEVEL 3 (MAC) |
- +--------------------+
- | SIP LEVELS 1 & 2 |
- +--------------------+
-
- Figure 1. Protocol stack for IP over SMDS Service
-
- This memo describes an initial use of IP and ARP in an SMDS Service
- environment configured as a logical IP subnetwork (described below).
- It does not preclude subsequent treatment of SMDS Service in
- configurations other than logical IP subnetworks; specifically,
- public or inter-company, inter-enterprise configurations may be
- treated differently and will be described in future documents. This
- document does not address issues related to transparent data link
- layer interoperability.
-
- Logical IP Subnetwork Configuration
-
- This section describes the scenario for an SMDS Service that is
- configured with multiple logical IP subnetworks, LIS (described
- below). The scenario considers only directly connected IP end-
- stations or routers; issues raised by MAC level bridging are beyond
- the scope of this paper.
-
- In the LIS scenario, each separate administrative entity configures
- its hosts within a closed logical IP subnetwork. Each LIS operates
- and communicates independently of other LISs over the same network
- providing SMDS. Hosts connected to SMDS communicate directly to
- other hosts within the same LIS. Communication to hosts outside of
- an individual LIS is provided via an IP router. This router would
- simply be a station attached to the SMDS Service that has been
- configured to be a member of both logical IP subnetworks. This
- configuration results in a number of disjoint LISs operating over the
-
-
-
- IP over SMDS Working Group [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1209 IP and ARP over the SMDS Service March 1991
-
-
- same network supporting the SMDS Service. It is recognized that with
- this configuration, hosts of differing IP networks would communicate
- via an intermediate router even though a direct path over the SMDS
- Service may be possible.
-
- It is envisioned that the service will evolve to provide a more
- public interconnection, allowing machines directly connected to the
- SMDS Service to communicate without an intermediate router. However,
- the issues raised by such a large public interconnection, such as
- scalability of address resolution or propagation of routing updates,
- are beyond the scope of this paper. We anticipate that future RFCs
- will address these issues.
-
- The following is a list of the requirements for a LIS configuration:
-
- o All members have the same IP network/subnet number.
-
- o All stations within a LIS are accessed directly over SMDS.
-
- o All stations outside of the LIS are accessed via a router.
-
- o For each LIS a single SMDS group address has been configured
- that identifies all members of the LIS. Any packet transmitted
- with this address is delivered by SMDS Service to all members
- of the LIS.
-
- The following list identifies a set of SMDS Service specific
- parameters that MUST be implemented in each IP station which would
- connect to the SMDS Service. The parameter values will be determined
- at SMDS subscription time and will be different for each LIS. Thus
- these parameters MUST be user configurable.
-
- o SMDS Hardware Address (smds$ha). The SMDS Individual address
- of the IP station as determined at subscription time. Each
- host MUST be configured to accept datagrams destined for this
- address.
-
- o SMDS LIS Group Address(smds$lis-ga). The SMDS Group address
- that has been configured at subscription time to identify the
- SMDS Subscriber Network Interfaces (SNI) of all members of the
- LIS connected to the SMDS Service. All members of the LIS MUST
- be prepared to accept datagrams addressed to smds$lis-ga.
-
- o SMDS Arp Request Address (smds$arp-req). The SMDS address
- (individual or group) to which arp requests are to be sent. In
- the initial LIS configuration this value is set to smds$lis-ga.
- It is conceivable that in other configurations this value would
- be set to some address other than that of smds$lis-ga (see
-
-
-
- IP over SMDS Working Group [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1209 IP and ARP over the SMDS Service March 1991
-
-
- section on Address Resolution).
-
- It is RECOMMENDED that routers providing LIS functionality over the
- SMDS service also support the ability to interconnect differing LISs.
- Routers that wish to provide interconnection of differing LISs MUST
- be able to support multiple sets of these parameters (one set for
- each connected LIS) and be able to associate each set of parameters
- with a specific IP network/subnet number. In addition, it is
- RECOMMENDED that a router be able to provide this multiple LIS
- support with a single physical SMDS interface that may have one or
- more individual SMDS addresses.
-
- The following list identifies LIS specific parameters that MUST be
- configured in the network supporting the SMDS Service. For each LIS,
- the IP network administrator MUST request the configuration of these
- parameters at subscription time. The administrator of each LIS MUST
- update these parameters as each new station is added to the LIS.
-
- o SMDS LIS Group Address(smds$lis-ga). An SMDS Group address MUST
- be configured at subscription time to identify the SMDS
- Subscriber Network Interfaces (SNI) of all members of the LIS
- connected to the SMDS Service.
-
- o SMDS Address Screening Tables (Source and Destination). The use
- of SMDS screening tables is not necessary for the operation of
- IP over SMDS Service. If the SMDS screening tables are to be
- used, both source and destination tables for each SNI MUST be
- configured to allow, at minimum, both the direct communication
- between all hosts in the same LIS and the use of the SMDS LIS
- Group Address.
-
- Packet Format
-
- Service SHALL be encapsulated within the IEEE 802.2 LLC and IEEE
- 802.1A Sub-Network Access Protocol (SNAP) [10] Data Link layers
- and the 3-level SIP. The SNAP MUST be used with an
- Organizationally Unique Identifier Code indicating that the SNAP
- header contains the EtherType code as listed in Assigned Numbers
- [11] (see Figure 2). Note that values specified in this document
- follow Internet conventions: multi-byte fields are described in
- big-endian order and bits within bytes are described as most
- significant first [11].
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- IP over SMDS Working Group [Page 5]
-
- RFC 1209 IP and ARP over the SMDS Service March 1991
-
-
- +-------+
- |IP/ARP | IP/ARP
- +----+----+----+----+----+-------+
- | Org Code |Ethertype| | SNAP
- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------+
- |DSAP|SSAP|Ctrl| | LLC
- +-----+----+-+-+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------+
- |SIP..|HLPI|...| | SIP L3
- +-----+----+-+-+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------+
-
- Figure 2. Data Link Encapsulation
-
- o The value of HLPI in the SIP L3 Header is 1.
-
- o The total length of the LLC Header and the SNAP header is 8
- octets.
-
- o The value of DSAP and SSAP in the LLC header is 170 (decimal),
- AA (Internet hexadecimal).
-
- o The Ctrl (Control) value in the LLC header is 3 (Indicates Type
- One Unnumbered Information).
-
- o The Org Code in the SNAP header is zero (000000 Internet
- hexadecimal).
-
- o The EtherType for IP is 2048 (decimal), 0800 (Internet
- hexadecimal). The EtherType for ARP is 2054 (decimal), 0806
- (Internet hexadecimal).
-
- IEEE 802.2 LLC Type One Unnumbered Information (UI) communication
- (which must be implemented by all conforming IEEE 802.2 stations) is
- used exclusively. The Higher Layer Protocol Id (HLPI) field in the
- SIP L3_PDU header MUST be set to the IEEE 802.6 assigned Protocol Id
- value for LLC (decimal 1) [8]. All frames MUST be transmitted in
- standard IEEE 802.2 LLC Type 1 Unnumbered Information format, with
- the DSAP and the SSAP fields of the IEEE 802.2 header set to the
- assigned global SAP value for SNAP (decimal 170) [10]. The 24-bit
- Org Code (Organizationally Unique Identifier Code) in the SNAP MUST
- be set to a value of zero, and the remaining 16 bits are set to the
- EtherType value from Assigned Numbers [11] (2048 for IP, 2054 for
- ARP).
-
- The data link encapsulation for IP packets is shown in Figure 3 and
- for ARP in Figure 4. All values shown are in Internet hexadecimal
- format.
-
-
-
-
-
- IP over SMDS Working Group [Page 6]
-
- RFC 1209 IP and ARP over the SMDS Service March 1991
-
-
- +--------------+---------------------------------------+-------+
- | SIP | LLC / SNAP | IP |
- | | | |
- |SIP..|HLPI|...|DSAP|SSAP|Ctrl| Org Code |Ethertype| |
- +-----+----+-+-+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------+
- |SIP..| 01 |...| AA | AA | 03 | 000000 | 0800 | IP... |
- +-----+----+-+-+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------+
-
- Figure 3. IP Data Link Encapsulation and Values
-
-
-
- +--------------+---------------------------------------+-------+
- | SIP | LLC / SNAP | ARP |
- | | | |
- |SIP..|HLPI|...|DSAP|SSAP|Ctrl| Org Code |Ethertype| |
- +-----+----+-+-+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------+
- |SIP..| 01 |...| AA | AA | 03 | 000000 | 0806 | ARP...|
- +-----+----+-+-+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-------+
-
- Figure 4. ARP Data Link Encapsulation and Values
-
- Address Resolution
-
- The dynamic mapping of 32-bit Internet addresses to SMDS addresses
- SHALL be done via the dynamic discovery procedure of the Address
- Resolution Protocol (ARP) [2].
-
- Internet addresses are assigned independent of SMDS addresses. Each
- host implementation MUST know its own Internet address and SMDS
- address and respond to Address Resolution requests appropriately.
- Hosts MUST also use ARP to map Internet addresses to SMDS addresses
- when needed.
-
- The ARP protocol has several fields that parameterize its use in any
- specific context [2]. These fields are:
-
- ar$hrd 16 - bits The Hardware Type Code
- ar$pro 16 - bits The Protocol Type Code
- ar$hln 8 - bits Octets in each hardware address
- ar$pln 8 - bits Octets in each protocol address
- ar$op 16 - bits Operation Code
-
- o The hardware type code assigned to SMDS addresses is 14
- (decimal), 0E (Internet hexadecimal) [11].
-
- o The protocol type code for IP is 2048 (decimal), 0800
- (Internet hexadecimal) [11].
-
-
-
- IP over SMDS Working Group [Page 7]
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- RFC 1209 IP and ARP over the SMDS Service March 1991
-
-
- o The hardware address length for SMDS is 8.
-
- o The protocol address length for IP is 4.
-
- o The operation code is 1 for request and 2 for reply.
-
- The SMDS hardware addresses in ARP packets (ar$sha, ar$tha) MUST be
- carried in SMDS native address format, with the most significant bit
- of the Address Type sub-field as the high order bit of the first
- octet. Although outside the scope of this document, it is
- RECOMMENDED that SMDS addresses be represented in this format in all
- higher layer Internet protocols (e.g., SNMP).
-
- Traditionally, ARP requests are broadcast to all directly connected
- stations. For the SMDS Service, the ARP request packet is
- transmitted to the smds$arp-req hardware address. In the LIS
- configuration, the smds$arp-req address is set to smds$lis-ga, (the
- SMDS group address that identifies all members of the LIS). It is
- conceivable that in a larger scale, public configuration, the
- smds$arp-req address would be configured to the address of some ARP-
- server(s) instead of the group address that identifies the entire
- LIS.
-
- IP Broadcast Address
-
- There is no facility for complete hardware broadcast addressing over
- the SMDS Service. As discussed in the "LIS Configuration" section,
- an SMDS group address (smds$lis-ga) SHALL be configured to include
- all stations in the same LIS. The broadcast Internet address (the
- address on that network with a host part of all binary ones) MUST be
- mapped to smds$lis-ga (see also [12]).
-
- IP Multicast Support
-
- A method of supporting IP multicasting is specified in [13]. It
- would be desirable to fully utilize the SMDS group address
- capabilities to support IP multicasting. However, the method in [13]
- requires a Network Service Interface which provides multicast-like
- ability to provide dynamic access to the local network service
- interface operations:
-
- o JoinLocalGroup (group-address)
-
- o LeaveLocalGroup (group-address)
-
- The SMDS group address ability does not currently support dynamic
- subscription and removal from group address lists. Therefore, it is
- RECOMMENDED that in the LIS configuration, if IP multicasting is to
-
-
-
- IP over SMDS Working Group [Page 8]
-
- RFC 1209 IP and ARP over the SMDS Service March 1991
-
-
- be supported, the method of IP multicasting described for pure
- broadcast media, such as the Experimental Ethernet, be used. For
- this method, all Multicast IP addresses are mapped to the same SMDS
- address which the broadcast Internet address is mapped for a given
- LIS. Thus all Multicast IP addresses are mapped to smds$lis-ga.
- Filtering of multicast packets MUST be performed in the destination
- host.
-
- Trailer Formats
-
- Some versions of Unix 4.x BSD use a different encapsulation method in
- order to get better network performance with the VAX virtual memory
- architecture. Trailers SHALL not be used over the SMDS Service.
-
- Byte Order
-
- As described in Appendix B of the Internet Protocol specification
- [1], the IP datagram is transmitted over the SMDS Service as a series
- of 8-bit bytes. The byte order of the IP datagram shall be mapped
- directly onto the native SMDS byte order.
-
- MAC Sublayer Details
-
- Packet Size
-
- The SMDS Service defines a maximum service data unit size of 9188
- information octets. This leaves 9180 octets for user data after the
- LLC/SNAP header is taken into account. Therefore, the MTU for IP
- stations operating over the network supporting the SMDS Service SHALL
- be 9180 octets.
-
- There is no minimum packet size restriction defined for the SMDS
- Service.
-
- Other MAC Sublayer Issues
-
- The SMDS Service requires that the publicly administered 60-bit
- address plus 4-bit type field format SHALL be used in both source and
- destination address fields of the SIP L3_PDU [3].
-
- IEEE 802.2 Details
-
- While not necessary for supporting IP and ARP, all implementations
- MUST support IEEE 802.2 standard Class I service in order to be
- compliant with IEEE 802.2. Some of the functions are not related
- directly to the support of the SNAP SAP (e.g., responding to XID and
- TEST commands directed to the null or global SAP addresses), but are
- part of a general LLC implementation. Both [4] and [5] describe the
-
-
-
- IP over SMDS Working Group [Page 9]
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- RFC 1209 IP and ARP over the SMDS Service March 1991
-
-
- minimum functionality necessary for a conformant station.
- Implementors should also consult IEEE Std. 802.2 [14] for details.
-
- REFERENCES
-
- 1. Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", RFC 791, USC/Information
- Sciences Institute, September 1981.
-
- 2. Plummer, D., "An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol - or -
- Converting Network Protocol Addresses to 48.bit Ethernet Address
- for Transmission on Ethernet Hardware", RFC 826, MIT, November
- 1982.
-
- 3. "Generic Systems Requirements in support of Switched Multi-
- megabit Data Service", Technical Advisory TA-TSY-000772, Bellcore
- Technical Advisory, Issue 3, October 1989.
-
- 4. Postel, J., and J. Reynolds, "A Standard for the Transmission of
- IP Datagrams over IEEE 802 Networks", RFC 1042, USC/Information
- Sciences Institute, February 1988.
-
- 5. Katz, D., "A Proposed Standard for the Transmission of IP
- Datagrams over FDDI Networks", RFC 1188, Merit/NSFNET, October
- 1990.
-
- 6. Dix, F., Kelly, M., and R. Klessig, "Access to a Public Switched
- Multi-Megabit Data Service Offering", ACM SIGCOMM CCR, July 1990.
-
- 7. Hemrick, C. and L. Lang, "Introduction to Switched Multi-megabit
- Data Service (SMDS), an Early Broadband Service", publication
- pending in the Proceedings of the XIII International Switching
- Symposium (ISS 90), May 27, 1990 - June 1, 1990.
-
- 8. Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers, Inc. IEEE
- Standard 802.6, "Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) Subnetwork of
- a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Standard", December 1990.
-
- 9. IEEE, "IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Logical Link
- Control", IEEE, New York, New York, 1985.
-
- 10. IEEE, "Draft Standard P802.1A--Overview and Architecture", 1989.
-
- 11. Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1060,
- USC/Information Sciences Institute, March 1990.
-
- 12. Braden, R., and J. Postel, "Requirements for Internet Gateways",
- RFC 1009, USC/Information Sciences Institute, June 1987.
-
-
-
-
- IP over SMDS Working Group [Page 10]
-
- RFC 1209 IP and ARP over the SMDS Service March 1991
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-
- 13. Deering, S., "Host Extensions for IP Multicasting", RFC 1112,
- Stanford University, August 1989.
-
- 14. IEEE,"ANSI/IEEE Std 802.2-1985, ISO Draft International Standard
- 8802/2", IEEE, New York, New York, 1985.
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- Authors' Addresses
-
- Dave Piscitello
- Bell Communications Research
- 331 Newman Springs Road
- Red Bank, NJ 07701
-
- Phone: (908) 758-2286
-
- EMail: dave@sabre.bellcore.com
-
-
- Joseph Lawrence
- Bell Communications Research
- 331 Newman Springs Road
- Red Bank, NJ 07701
-
- Phone: (908) 758-4146
-
- EMail: jcl@sabre.bellcore.com
-
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